BIJLAGE II: RUIMTE BEWAPENING
Vaststelling
begroting Buitenlandse Zaken lijst van vragen en antwoorden (28000
V), 16 oktober 2001
43 Ziet de regering het gevaar van een beginnende
militarisering van de ruimte (outer-space) in het kader van de strategische
raketverdediging? Zo ja, wat is daar tegen te doen in het kader van internationale
verdragen?
In de Amerikaanse plannen voor een strategisch
raketverdedigingssysteem is vooralsnog geen sprake van het plaatsen van
wapens in de ruimte, al wordt dit op termijn niet uitgesloten. In het
kader van internationale verdragen is het een staat die partij is bij
het ruimteverdrag (Outer Space Treaty uit 1967) niet toegestaan kernwapens
of andersoortige massavernietigingswapens in de ruimte te brengen. Dit
verdrag is voor de partijen de algemene juridische basis voor het vreedzaam
gebruik van de ruimte.
107
CONGRESS
1st Session
H.R 2977 To preserve the cooperative, peaceful uses
of space for the benefit of all humankind by permanently prohibiting the
basing of weapons in space by the United States, and to require the President
to take action to adopt and implement a world treaty banning space-based
weapons.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
October 2 2001
Mr. KUCINICH introduced the following bill; which
was referred to the Committee on Science, and in addition to the Committees
on Armed Services, and International Relations, for a period to be subsequently
determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions
as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned
A BILL
To preserve the cooperative, peaceful uses of space
for the benefit of all humankind by permanently prohibiting the basing
of weapons in space by the United States, and to require the President
to take action to adopt and implement a world treaty banning space-based
weapons.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the Space Preservation
Act of 2001.
SEC. 2. REAFFIRMATION OF POLICY ON THE PRESERVATION
OF PEACE IN SPACE.
Congress reaffirms the policy expressed in section
102(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (42 U.S.C. 2451(a)),
stating that it `is the policy of the United States that activities in
space should be devoted to peaceful purposes for the benefit of all mankind.'.
SEC. 3. PERMANENT BAN ON BASING OF WEAPONS IN SPACE.
The President shall--
- implement a permanent ban on space-based weapons
of the United States and remove from space any existing space-based
weapons of the United States; and
- immediately order the permanent termination of
research and development, testing, manufacturing, production, and deployment
of all space-based weapons of the United States and their components.
SEC. 4. WORLD AGREEMENT BANNING SPACE-BASED WEAPONS.
The President shall direct the United States representatives
to the United Nations and other international organizations to immediately
work toward negotiating, adopting, and implementing a world agreement
banning space-based weapons.
SEC. 5. REPORT.
The President shall submit to Congress not later
than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 90
days thereafter, a report on--
- the implementation of the permanent ban on space-based
weapons required by section 3; and
- progress toward negotiating, adopting, and implementing
the agreement described in section 4.
SEC. 6. NON SPACE-BASED WEAPONS ACTIVITIES.
Nothing in this Act may be construed as prohibiting
the use of funds for--
- space exploration;
- space research and development;
- testing, manufacturing, or production that is
not related to space-based weapons or systems; or
- civil, commercial, or defense activities (including
communications, navigation, surveillance, reconnaissance, early warning,
or remote sensing) that are not related to space-based weapons or systems.
SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
- The term space means all space extending
upward from an altitude greater than 60 kilometers above the surface
of the earth and any celestial body in such space.
-
- The terms weapon and weapons system mean
a device capable of any of the following:
- Damaging or destroying an object (whether in outer space,
in the atmosphere, or on earth) by--
- firing one or more projectiles to collide with that object;
- detonating one or more explosive devices in close proximity
to that object;
- directing a source of energy (including molecular or
atomic energy, subatomic particle beams, electromagnetic
radiation, plasma, or extremely low frequency (ELF) or ultra
low frequency (ULF) energy radiation) against that object;
or
- any other unacknowledged or as yet undeveloped means.
- Inflicting death or injury on, or damaging or destroying,
a person (or the biological life, bodily health, mental health,
or physical and economic well-being of a person)--
- through the use of any of the means described in clause
(i) or subparagraph (B);
- through the use of land-based, sea-based, or space-based
systems using radiation, electromagnetic, psychotronic,
sonic, laser, or other energies directed at individual persons
or targeted populations for the purpose of information war,
mood management, or mind control of such persons or populations;
or
- by expelling chemical or biological agents in the vicinity
of a person.
- Such terms include exotic weapons systems such as--
- electronic, psychotronic, or information weapons;
- chemtrails;
- high altitude ultra low frequency weapons systems;
- plasma, electromagnetic, sonic, or ultrasonic weapons;
- laser weapons systems;
- strategic, theater, tactical, or extraterrestrial weapons;
and
- chemical, biological, environmental, climate, or tectonic
weapons.
- The term exotic weapons systems includes weapons
designed to damage space or natural ecosystems (such as the ionosphere
and upper atmosphere) or climate, weather, and tectonic systems
with the purpose of inducing damage or destruction upon a target
population or region on earth or in space.
END By Mr. KUCINICH:
H.R. 2977. A bill to preserve the cooperative, peaceful
uses of space for the benefit of all humankind by permanently prohibiting
the basing of weapons in space by the United States, and to require the
President to take action to adopt and implement a world treaty banning
space-based weapons; to the Committee on Science, and in addition to the
Committees on Armed Services, and International Relations, for a period
to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration
of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
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